Septic Tanks
Understand what a septic tank does and how system components work together.
View Septic Tanks
TANK GUIDES
Septic Tanks
Guide
A practical guide to choosing a septic and sanitation solution for homes, lodges, farms and off-grid properties, from tank sizing to installation and maintenance.
Explore the GuideDurable ConstructionPolyethylene tank products for demanding conditions.
Wastewater HandlingOn-site sanitation where appropriate.
Installation PlanningSite-specific design and professional installation.
Expert SupportHelp choosing suitable tank options.
UNDERSTANDING
Understanding Septic Tank Systems
A septic system receives wastewater from a property and uses a tank to separate solids and allow preliminary treatment. A suitable, approved downstream disposal or treatment system handles the liquid effluent.
These systems may be used where municipal sewer connections are not available. Tank selection, ground conditions, setbacks, local approvals and ongoing servicing all matter. A licensed or qualified wastewater professional should assess and design the installation.
ON-SITE WASTEWATER
Septic Tank Process Flow
A simplified view of how properly designed septic systems separate wastewater and direct effluent for further treatment.
Step-by-step explanation
- 01
Wastewater Inlet
Wastewater from the building enters a correctly sized septic tank.
- 02
Solids & Scum Separation
Heavy solids settle as sludge; grease and other light materials rise as scum.
- 03
Anaerobic Breakdown
Microorganisms partially break down organic material in the oxygen-limited tank.
- 04
Effluent Transfer
Partially treated liquid passes through the protected outlet toward further treatment.
- 05
Drain Field / Soakaway
Where locally approved, effluent is distributed to a suitable soil absorption field.
- 06
Inspection & Pump-Out
Regular professional inspections and scheduled desludging keep the system working.
This is an illustrative process, not an installation specification. Site suitability, approvals, effluent treatment and safe disposal require local regulatory and qualified professional guidance.
OUR GUIDE TOPICS
Key Septic Tank Topics
Conservancy Tanks
Learn about sealed holding tanks where on-site effluent disposal is unsuitable.
Read Considerations
Drainage / Soakaway Options
Learn why soil testing, site suitability and approvals are essential.
View Options
Installation Considerations
Review access, tank placement, foundations, traffic loads and servicing.
View GuideHOW TO CHOOSE
How to Choose the Right System
A safe wastewater system starts with an appropriate site assessment.
1. Property Type
Consider occupancy, fixtures and whether the site is residential, farm or commercial.
2. Tank Capacity
Sizing depends on wastewater volumes, flow and local design standards.
3. Site Conditions
Check soil, groundwater, slopes, setbacks and access for maintenance.
4. Maintenance Needs
Plan safe servicing, inspections, pumping and long-term running costs.
INSTALLATION & MAINTENANCE
Installation & Maintenance Tips
Septic system work must follow local regulations, professional design and the manufacturer’s instructions.
- Consult a qualified installer/designer and secure required approvals.
- Assess soil, groundwater, setbacks, site access and water sources.
- Select a suitable tank and approved effluent disposal or treatment method.
- Protect underground tanks from incorrect backfilling and vehicle loads.
- Schedule professional inspections and desludging when required.
- Never enter a tank or attempt internal repairs; toxic gases and oxygen deficiency are serious hazards.
SEPTIC TANK GUIDES FAQ
Septic Tank Guides FAQ
Important questions to ask when planning an on-site sanitation system.
How often should a septic tank be emptied?
Intervals depend on system size, occupancy, wastewater use and sludge accumulation. Ask a qualified service provider to inspect and advise; do not rely on a fixed universal schedule.
What size septic tank do I need?
Capacity and system type should be determined using expected wastewater flow, occupancy and applicable local standards. A professional site assessment is necessary.
Can a septic tank be used on clay soil?
Soil type strongly affects effluent disposal options. Clay or high groundwater may make a conventional soakaway unsuitable. A qualified designer should evaluate alternatives and approvals.
Do I need a soakaway with a septic tank?
Many septic systems use an approved soakaway or other downstream treatment/disposal arrangement. The appropriate design depends on site conditions and regulations; a sealed holding tank works differently and requires scheduled emptying.
Need help choosing the right septic solution?
Discuss product suitability and ask about system requirements before purchasing.